The final section opens with responses to Turing's paper published in Mind soon after it first appeared. The second section contains all of Turing's writings on the Turing Test, including not only the Mind paper but also less familiar ephemeral material.
The first section of the book contains writings by philosophical precursors, including Descartes, who first proposed the idea of indistinguishablity tests. Turing's proposed thought experiment encapsulates the issues that the writings in The Turing Test define and discuss. He was not, as is often assumed, answering the question "Can machines think?" but proposing a more concrete way to ask it. Following Descartes's dictum that it is the ability to speak that distinguishes human from beast, Turing proposed to test whether machine and person were indistinguishable in regard to verbal ability. Alan Turing's idea, originally expressed in a 1950 paper titled "Computing Machinery and Intelligence" and published in the journal Mind, proposed an "indistinguishability test" that compared artifact and person. The Turing Test is part of the vocabulary of popular culture-it has appeared in works ranging from the Broadway play "Breaking the Code" to the comic strip "Robotman." The writings collected by Stuart Shieber for this book examine the profound philosophical issues surrounding the Turing Test as a criterion for intelligence.
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